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Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and the community within which it is used. It examines how language operates within and creates social cultures.
The difference between micro and macro sociolinguistics is that micro-sociolinguistics study the language through its social dimensions and macro-sociolinguistics study a society’s linguistic dimensions. Micro-sociolinguistics compare the different dialects and phonology systems, while putting an emphasis on stylistic/register variation. Macro-sociolinguistics looks at the behaviors of entire speech communities as it seeks to answer questions such as why immigrant groups keep their native language and at other times replace it completely with their second language.